Adefovir and lamivudine combination

Adefovir and lamivudine combination

Synopsis The European Commission has granted Marketing Authorisation for adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg Hepsera ; for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults with compensated liver disease with evidence of active viral replication, persistently elevated serum alanine aminotranseferase ALT ; levels and histological evidence of active liver inflammation and fibrosis; or decompensated liver disease. Adefovir is administered as a oncedaily 10 mg tablet and works by blocking HBV DNA polymerase, an enzyme involved in the replication of the virus in the body. The Marketing Authorisation applies to all 15 member states of the European Union and follows a positive opinion issued by the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products CPMP ; , the scientific committee of the European Medicines Evaluation Agency EMEA ; , issued a on Hepsera, on November 21, 2002. So as to not form unsupported conclusions or extrapolations. The study does not attempt to assess actual damage inflicted on a specific target by a specific raid. Nor does it uniformly attempt to identify the extent of damage assessed by Anglo-American intelligence to a target at a particular time. Such effort would not only be voluminous but lead to fruitless quibbling as experts disputed the significance of the data. To this study it matters less if the target actually required attack than that the Allied bomber commanders judged that it did. Furthermore, an entry stating a force of 400 bombers attacked Ludwigshafen through complete cloud cover may not indicate the damage to the target. The formation may have hit Mannheim or missed completely and struck surrounding open country. Conclusions based on the database will become increasingly accurate when based on an aggregate of raids. The number of aircraft attacking a target indicates the effort and tonnage reaching the target. The number of aircraft dispatched on a mission does neither and raises questions as to abort rates and weather. For that reason this work excludes aircraft dispatched as a possible data category. However, if a large discrepancy existed between aircraft sent out and planes attacking, a note of the fact appears in the data entry. If a great many aircraft failed to attack a target on one day, the bomber commanders would usually attack it again on the next suitable day. The study further contains extensive annotations and entries on operations methods, sighting methods, special operations, and mining, the implications of which become more far reaching as the readers expand their knowledge of the subject area. The relatively effortless manipulation of the numbers should allow the reader to reach a new understanding of the combined bomber offensive. The purpose of this work is not so much to present my ideas concerning the strategic bombing of Germany as to enable readers to form their own judgments. The book and CD-ROM cover bombing sorties, mining, supply missions, and special operations of all two and four-engine bombers of the RAF Bomber Command in Great Britain and the RAF 205 Group in the Mediterranean as well as all four-engine bomber B-17 and B-24 ; operations of the US Eighth Air Force in Great Britain and the US Ninth, Twelfth, and Fifteenth Forces.

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We quantitatively studied the excitatory receptive fields of 297 neurons recorded from the forelimb infragranular somatosensory cortex of the rat while touch stimuli were applied to discrete locations on the forelimbs. Receptive fields were highly heterogeneous, but they were regulated, on average, by an underlying spatio-temporal structure. We found the following. i ; Neurons responded with decreasing magnitude and increasing latency when the stimulus was moved from the primary location to secondary locations and to far ispilateral locations of their excitatory receptive fields, displaying smooth transitions from the primary location to secondary locations. ii ; Receptive field patterns revealed functional connectivity between the digits and ventral palm, which did not depend on whether the digits were stimulated dorsally or ventrally. iii ; The structure of the receptive fields i.e. the neural responses to stimulation of secondary locations compared to the neural responses to stimulation of the primary location ; , reflected cortical rather than body ; distances. iv ; There was a functional separation between the forepaw and the rest of the forelimb. Namely: if the primary location was in the digits or palm, secondary locations were biased toward the digits and palm; if the primary location was in rest of the forelimb, secondary locations appeared equally distributed over forelimb, digits and palm. v ; More than 40% of neurons extended their receptive field to the ipsilateral forelimb, without any evident spatial organization. Overall, the stimuli evoked ~3 times more spikes from secondary responses than from primary responses. These results suggest that a rich repertoire of spatio-temporal responses is available for encoding tactile information. This highly distributed receptive field structure provides the electrophysiological architecture for studying organization and plasticity of cortical somatosensory processing. Keywords: tactile, plasticity, forelimb, multi-electrode, cortical Introduction The primary sensory cortex is organized in columns, which are subserved by a layered structure within each column Staiger et al., 2000 ; . Cells in the different layers of a single column have different receptive field properties. This structure provides the spatial architecture for processing sensory information Mountcastle, 1957, 1997; Grossberg and Seitz, 2003; Linden and Schreiner, 2003; Lund et al., 2003; Panzeri et al., 2003 ; , and supports a hierarchical processing scheme for the information arriving from the thalamus Hubel and Wiesel, 1962, 1968; Raizada and Grossberg, 2003; Thomson and Bannister, 2003 ; . Thalamic signals first excite the input layer layer IV ; whose cells have small receptive fields Killackey and Ebner, 1972 ; . The signal then passes to the supra-granular layers layer II III ; whose cells have larger receptive fields McKenna et al., 1984; Chapin, 1986 ; . Finally, the signal is transmitted to the infragra The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions oupjournals.

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The safety and tolerability of high dose interferon are a concern. Lamivudine In 1999 lamivudine was licensed in many countries for treating selected patients with chronic hepatitis B. It is nucleoside analogue that inhibits the viral polymerase and reduces virus production 100-1000 times. This is associated with improvement of liver function tests and liver histology.3 In addition to its suppressing viral replication in all patients, it increases the conversion rate from high level to low level viral replication by a similar amount to that achieved by interferon. The probability of conversion to low level viral replication during lamivudine treatment is proportional to the amount of liver inflammation before treatment. When pretreatment inflammation is severe conversion is more likely.4 Lamivudine is well tolerated by most patients. In placebo controlled clinical trials the side effect profiles of lamivudine and placebo were almost identical.5 Thus, lamivudine is preferred to interferon by most clinicians for the initial treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B. For patients with cirrhosis and high levels of viral replication, interferon treatment may be associated with a flare of hepatitis and decompensation of advanced cirrhosis. Lamivudine, however, seems to be safe for these patients, and the suppression of viral replication achieved may be associated with substantial clinical improvement.6 7 If liver failure persists despite treatment, or if liver cancer has developed, liver transplantation may be the preferred treatment. Until recently, many liver transplant centres denied transplantation to patients with hepatitis B because of concern about graft reinfection with the virus resulting in early organ loss. Now, however, lamivudine treatment effectively prevents viral reinfection of the graft after liver transplantation.8 As is seen during treatment of HIV infection, potent prolonged antiviral treatment of hepatitis B selects for viral species or variants that are naturally resistant to treatment. Emergence of lamivudine resistant virus is seen in about 15-25% of treated patients after 12 months treatment, and may be an inevitable development during prolonged treatment fig 2 ; . Fortunately, new antiviral drugs are at advanced stages of development. For example, the nucleotide analogue adefovir is a potent inhibitor of hepatitis B virus replication and retains activity against lamivudine resistant species, 9 suggesting that the combination of lamivudine with adefovir may provide potent sustained inhibition of viral replication. Initial studies of treating chronic hepatitis B with combined interferon and lamivudine suggest that this treatment has greater efficacy than either drug alone.10 11 However, marginal improvement of efficacy needs to be balanced by considerations of tolerability, safety, and cost of this combination of drugs. Since most treated patients will require long term, probably indefinite, suppression of viral replication, future treatment schedules must aim for safe and tolerable drug combinations.

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HPMPC ; , and adefovir PMEA ; was investigated in Vero cells. When the antiviral efficacy of the combination was assessed by means of a CPE reduction assay, the combined antiviral effect on HSV-1 and HSV-2 replication ; was analyzed by means of the isobologram method Fig. 1 and 2 ; . Hydroxyurea elicited a moderate synergistic effect on the antiHSV-1 activities of the different nucleoside analogs. Minimum fractional inhibitory concentrations FICmins ; were 0.59, 0.6, 0.48, and 0.73 for the combination of hydroxyurea with ACV, PCV, GCV, LBV, H2G, HPMPC, and PMEA, respectively Fig. 1 ; . The potentiating effect of hydroxyurea on the anti-HSV-2 activities of the different nucleoside analogs.
Prostacyclin, but only COX-2 inhibition completely abolished the isoflavone-stimulated prostacyclin production. Phytoestrogens also increased COX-2 mRNA expression and protein content without affecting COX-1 levels. All these effects were mediated through estrogen receptor activation since treatment of cells with the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182780 [7 [9[ 4, 5, ; sulfinyl]nonyl]-estra-1, 3, 5 10 ; triene-3, 17 diol] completely abolished the isoflavone-induced increase in prostacyclin production, COX-2 mRNA expression, and COX-2 protein content. The results clearly support the hypothesis that genistein and daidzein increased HUVEC prostacyclin production through estrogen receptor-dependent mechanism, which involved the enhancement of COX-2 protein and activity and adriamycin. In the editorial of 23 october p588 ; one sentence should have read: "dr hassell said that some or all of them might choose to leave the register by implication in january because they do not wish to have to undertake continuing professional development and pay a 256 fee.

We thank Dr. Michael J. M. Hitchcock Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA ; for providing unlabeled adefovir and cidofovir. We also thank Drs. Kathleen M. Giacomini and Debbie W. Lin University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA ; for helpful discussions and advice and Dr. Yoshitane Nozaki University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ; for helpful comments and agenerase!

It is not a cure for hepatitis do not use adefovir if: you are allergic to any ingredient in adefovir you have an enlarged liver, abnormal liver function tests, or blood-acid base balance problems lactic acidosis ; contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you. TMAP essentially utilized pseudo science to create the appearance of drug safety and effectiveness. TMAP purchased scientific influence in the propagation of data to suggest that newer, patented drugs were safer and superior to generic drugs. CONTEXT: TMAP arose during a period of decreased Food and Drug Administration FDA ; oversight and vastly increased sophistication in pharmaceutical industry marketing practices. These practices aggressively pr e f oalpb c n poes nloi o"hog m d us a"p i t uh promotion, and biased reporting of drug trial results. The industry flooded the psychiatric profession, and psychiatric professionals, with money and salted medical journals with reports b " sa cbnf i i o drug industry funding. Award winning science journalist Robert Whitaker, in his book Mad in America, outlines the pharmaceutical industry influence on the science and promotion of the Atypical Antipsyhtsnwsh oheim d aos I Wh ae od: co c e ikr w rs i pam cu clnut 's rtl g paa s a eo 18sh hr aeta Ids y t y aprt hd vl d into a well oiled machine. The creation of a tale of a breakthrough medication could be carefully plotted. Such was the case with the Atypicals, and behind the public faade of medical achievement is a story of science marred by greed, deaths and the dl ea dcp o o t ul" ebrt eet n fh m Whitaker cites Marcia Angell in a 2000 New England Journal of Medicine article: " ties between clinical researchers and industry include not only grant supports, The but also a host of other financial arrangements. Researchers also serve as consultants to companies whose products they are studying, join advisory boards and speakers bureaus, enter into patent and royalty arrangements, agree to be the listed authors of articles ghostwritten by interested companies, promote drugs and devices at companysponsored symposiums, and allow themselves to be plied with expensive gifts and trips tl ui s stn " x o Whitaker found the factors of biased review and deceptive reporting to be particularly relevant to the advancement of Atypical antipsychotics. Via the Freedom of Information Act he gained access to FDA raw data on the Atypical drug trials. Whitaker learned that the trials, adh F A sei o t ta , inot support industry claims that the Atypicals were n t D safer or more effective than existing generic drugs. In fact, in the approval letter to Janssen regarding their drug Risperdal, the FDA specifically stated: " w u cni r n avrsm no po o dete etr rm t n misleading or lacking fair balance under section 502 a ; and 502 n ; of the ACT if there is a presentation of data that conveys the impression that Risperidone is superior to haloperidol a generic antipsychotic ; or any other marketed antipsychotic du pout i rgr t sfy r fcvns " rg rdcwt ead o a to eetees h e f and aggrenox.

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2.1 Breast cancer is the commonest cause of cancer death in women, leading to around 14, 000 deaths each year in the UK. 2.2 Chemotherapy may be used in the treatment of cancer as single agents or in combinations of different drugs: 2.2.1 As adjuvant therapy in early disease, following surgery, with the intention of preventing recurrence; 2.2.2 In the management of more advanced disease, which could involve either localised spread of disease, including to the nearby lymph nodes, or distant metastases, as either first-line or second-line therapy. INDIAN J MED RES, APRIL 2005 Sanchez-Tapias JM, Costa J, Mas A, Bruguera M, Rodes J. Influence of hepatitis B virus genotype on the long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B in western patients. Gastroenterology 2002; 123 : 1848-56. Sugauchi F, Orito E, Ichida T, et al. Hepatitis B virus of genotype B with or without recombination with genotype C over the precore region plus the core gene. J Virol 2002; 76 : 5985-92. Wai CT, Chu CJ, Hussain M, Lok AS. HBV genotype B is associated with better response to interferon therapy in HBeAg + ; chronic hepatitis than genotype C. Hepatology 2002; 36 : 1425-30. Kao JH, Wu NH, Chen PJ, Lai MY, Chen DS. Hepatitis B genotypes and the response to interferon therapy. J Hepatol 2000; 33 : 998-1002. Webster GJ, Reignat S, Maini MK, et al. Incubation phase of acute hepatitis B in man: dynamic of cellular immune mechanisms. Hepatology 2000; 32 : 1117-24. Guidotti LG, Rochford R, Chung J, Shapiro M, Purcell R, Chisari FV. Viral clearance without destruction of infected cells during acute HBV infection. Science 1999; 284 : 825-9. Maini MK, Boni C, Lee CK, et al. The role of virusspecific CD8 + ; cells in liver damage and viral control during persistent hepatitis B virus infection. J Exp Med 2000; 191 : 1269-80. Rapicetta M, Ferrari C, Levrero M. Viral determinants and host immune responses in the pathogenesis of HBV infection. J Med Virol 2002; 67 : 454-7. Hofer M, Joller-Jemelka HI, Grob PJ, Luthy R, Opravil M. Frequent chronic hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-infected patients positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen only. Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 17 : 6-13. Brechot C, Thiers V, Kremsdorf D, Nalpas B, Pol S, Paterlini-Brechot P. Persistent hepatitis B virus infection in subjects without hepatitis B surface antigen: clinically significant or purely "occult"? Hepatology 2001; 34 : 194-203. Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B: update of recommendations. Hepatology 2004; 39 : 857-61. Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2001; 34 : 1225-41. Yuen MF, Lai CL. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Lancet Infect Dis 2001; 1 : 232-41. Wong DK, Yim C, Naylor CD, et al. Interferon alfa treatment of chronic hepatitis B: randomized trial in a predominantly homosexual male population. Gastroenterology 1995; 108 : 165-71. 37. 31. McDonald JA, Caruso L, Karayiannis P, et al. Diminished responsiveness of male homosexual chronic hepatitis B virus carriers with HTLV-III antibodies to recombinant alpha-interferon. Hepatology 1987; 7 : 719-23. Cooksley WG, Piratvisuth T, Lee SD, et al. Peginterferon alpha-2a 40 kDa ; : an advance in the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 2003; 10 : 298-305. Dienstag JL, Schiff ER, Wright TL, et al. Lamivudine as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis B in the United States. N Engl J Med 1999; 341 : 1256-63. Lai CL, Chien RN, Leung NW, et al. A one-year trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B. Asia Hepatitis Lamivudine Study Group. N Engl J Med 1998; 339 : 61-8. Schalm SW, Heathcote J, Cianciara J, et al. Lamivudine and alpha interferon combination treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: a randomised trial. Gut 2000; 46 : 562-8. Tassopoulos NC, Volpes R, Pastore G, et al. Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative hepatitis B virus DNA-positive precore mutant ; chronic hepatitis B.Lamivudine Precore Mutant Study Group. Hepatology 1999; 29 : 889-96. Leung NW, Lai CL, Chang TT, et al. Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates: results after 3 years of therapy. Hepatology 2001; 33 : 1527-32. Benhamou Y, Bochet M, Thibault V, et al. Safety and efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil in patients co-infected with HIV-1 and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus: an openlabel pilot study. Lancet 2001; 358 : 718-23. Jeffers J, Heathcote E. Wright T, et al. A phase II dose-ranging placebo controlled trials of adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection. Antiviral Res 1998; 37 : A197. Heathcote E JL, Wright T, et al. Loss of serum HBV DNA and HBeAg and seroconversion following short-term 12 weeks ; adefovir dipivoxil therapy in chronic HBV infection. Adefovir Dipivoxil Study Team. Hepatology 1998; 28 : 317A. Gilson RJ, Chopra KB, Newell AM, et al. A placebocontrolled phase I II study of adefovir dipivoxil in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Viral Hepat 1999; 6 : 387-95. Marcellin P, Chang TT, Lim SG, et al. Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2003; 348 : 808-16. Hadziyannis SJ, Tassopoulos NC, Heathcote EJ, et al. Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2003; 348 : 800-7 and alefacept.

Adefovir and lamivudine combination

Hepsera Gilead Sciences ; 10 mg tablets Approved indication: hepatitis B Australian Medicines Handbook section 5.3 Although Australian children are now immunised against hepatitis B, infection still occurs in adults and is endemic in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Some people who are infected develop chronic hepatitis B which may lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Patients with chronic hepatitis B can be treated with injections of interferon. Lamivudine, a nucleoside analogue, can be used as an oral treatment. Adefovir is a nucleotide analogue of adenosine monophosphate. Cells convert adefovir to adefovir diphosphate which competes with the normal substrate of the viral DNA polymerase. The concentration of adefovir diphosphate needed.
With 48 weeks of therapy, 48% of the patients on 10 mg adefovir had normalization of serum alt; 53% had improved histology; and 12% had hbe seroconversion and aleve. Keywords: organic anion transporter; probenecid; tr− rat; adefovir clearance abbreviations: tr− rat, mutant transport-deficient rat corresponding author. Site map contact advanced search home news treatment & care hiv worldwide living with hiv preventing hiv organisations hiv basics about us treatment & care espaol franais portugus p other drugs aciclovir zovirax ; adefovir dipivoxil hepsera ; albendazole zentel ; alcohol alefacept amikacin amikin ; amitriptyline hydrochloride amphotericin ampicillin penbritin ; anabolic steroids aspirin atorvastatin lipitor ; atovaquone wellvone ; autologous cd8 t-cell infusion azithromycin zithromax ; bleomycin buprenorphine butrans temgesic transtec ; bupropion zyban ; cannabis capreomycin capastat ; capsaicin axsain zacin ; carbamazepine carnitine carnitor ; caspofungin cancidas ; chloroquine avloclor malarivon nivaquine ; chop ciclosporin neoral sandimmun ; cidofovir vistide ; ciprofloxacin ciproxin ciloxan ; clarithromycin clarosip klaricid klaricid xl ; clindamycin dalacin c ; clofazimine clotrimazole canesten ; cocaine codeine phosphate comp corticosteroids co-trimoxazole septrin ; cyclophosphamide endoxana ; cycloserine cytarabine dacarbazine dtic-dome ; dapsone daunorubicin diamorphine hydrochloride heroin ; diclofenac voltarol diclomax motifene ; dihydrocodeine tartrate dihydroepiandrosterone dhea ; doxorubicin hydrochloride caelyx ; echinacea ecstasy entecavir baraclude ; epoetin alfa and beta erythromycin erymax erythrocin erythroped erythroped a ; ethambutol hydrochloride etoposide etopophos vepesid ; ezetimibe ezetrol ; famciclovir famvir ; fenofibrate lipantil supralip 160 ; fluconazole diflucan ; flucytosine ancotil ; fluorouracil fluoxetine prozac ; folate folinic acid fomivirsen foscarnet sodium foscavir ; gabapentin neurontin ; gamma-hydroxybutyrate ganciclovir cymevene ; garlic gentamicin cidomycin genticin ; glutamine hormonal contraceptives human growth hormone hypericin st johns wort ; ibuprofen imatinib glivec ; imiquimod aldara ; interferon alfa interferon beta avonex rebi betaferon ; interleukin-2 proleukin ; irinotecan hydrochloride campto ; iron isoniazid itraconazole sporanox ; ketamine ketalar ; ketoconazole nizoral ; lomustine loperamide hydrochloride imodium ; mbacod megestrol acetate megace ; metformin hydrochoride glucophage glucophage sr ; methadone hydrochloride methadose ; methamphetamine methotrexate methylphenidate hydrochloride ritalin concerta xl equasym xl ; metronidazole flagyl flagyl s metrolyl ; mexiletine hydrochloride mexitil ; mitozantrone novantrone onkotrone ; mopp morphine oramorph sevredol morcap sr morphegesic sr mst continus mxl zomorph ; n-acetyl cysteine nac ; naltrexone hydrochloride nalorex ; nimodipine nimotop ; nystatin nystan nystaform tinaderm-m ; octreotide sandostatin ; ofloxacin tarivid ; omeprazole losec ; otc paclitaxel taxol ; paracetamol paromomycin pentamidine isetionate pentacarinat ; peptide t pioglitazone actos ; phenytoin epanutin ; posaconazole pravastatin sodium lipostat ; pregabalin lyrica ; primaquine procaine hydrochloride procarbazine pro-mace mopp pyrazinamide pyrimethamine daraprim ; ranitidine zantac ; reticulose retinoic acid ribavirin copegus rebetol virazole ; rifabutin mycobutin ; rifampicin rifadin rimactane ; rifapentine rituximab mabthera ; rosiglitazone avandia ; rosuvastatin crestor ; selenium sildenafil viagra ; simvastatin zocor ; streptomycin sulfadiazine tadalafil cialis ; tea tree oil thalidomide total parenteral nutrition tramadol hydrochloride trimethoprim monotrim ; trimetrexate valaciclovir valtrex ; valganciclovir valcyte ; valproic acid depakote ; vardenafil levitra ; vinblastine sulphate velbe ; vincristine sulphate oncovin ; vitamin a vitamin b1 vitamin b12 vitamin b2 vitamin b6 vitamin c vitamin d vitamin e voriconazole vfend ; zinc support our work today you are here home treatment & care treatment & care a to z drugs other drugs rifampicin rifadin rimactane ; printer-friendly version send to a friend glossary comment rifampicin rifadin rimactane ; is an approved anti-mycobacterial drug that is a standard component of combination regimens for treating tuberculosis and alfuzosin.

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Pessoa W, Gazzard B, Huang A, et al. Entecavir in HIV HBV-co-infected patients: safety and efficacy in a phase II study ETV-038 ; . [Abstract 123.] 12th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 22-25, 2005; Boston, Massachusetts. Peters MG, Andersen J, Lynch P, et al. Randomized controlled study of tenofovir and adefovir in chronic hepatitis B virus and HIV infection: ACTG A5127. Hepatology. 2006; 44: 1110-1116. Thio CL, Seaberg EC, Skolasky R, Jr., et al. HIV-1, hepatitis B virus, and risk of liver-related mortality in the Multicenter Cohort Study MACS ; . Lancet. 2002; 360: 1921-1926 and adefovir. 2004 jun; 9 3 ; : 353-6 marcellin p, chang tt, lim sg, et al adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis b e antigen- positive chronic hepatitis n engl j med and alimta.

Collagenase is an enzyme that breaks down collagen in damaged tissue and helps healthy tissue to grow. 1333616 15 gram . .95. These studies included patients with compensated liver function and either e antigen-positive hbeag + ; or e antigen-negative hbeag-negative, or precore mutant ; chronic hepatitis adefovir dipivoxil is the first drug for which efficacy has been demonstrated in hbeag-negative patients in a 48-week double-blind, placebo-controlled study and allergen. A20 LACK OF EVIDENCE OF SIGNIFICANT EFFECT OF PIRECETAM ON VIROLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH CHONIC HEPATITIS C NON RESPONDING TO A PREVIOUS INTERFERON THERAPY. P. Langlet 1 ; , L. Lasser 2 ; , J. Delwaide 3 ; , P. Denis 4 ; , M. Talib 2 ; , M. Dereuck 2 ; , F. Dunham 5 ; , J. Otero 1 ; , P. Marliere 5 ; , J. Nyst 1 ; , C. Jonas 2 ; , E. Dekoster 2 ; . 1 ; CHIREC and CHU Brugmann, ULB ; 2 ; CHU Brugmann, VUB-ULB ; 3 ; CHU Sart Tilman, ULg ; 4 ; CHU Brugmann, ULB ; 5 ; CHIREC, ULB. Introduction : It was suggested in the press * that Piracetam could have anti-viral effect namely against the virus HCV, HBV and HIV. These suggestions were based on conformational studies * showing that Piracetam has properties similar to those of the fusion peptide of viral proteins, interacts with lipids and hereby has beneficial effects on several symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. It was postulated that the potential anti-HCV role could be explained by a stabilization of the lipid membranes of hepatocytes. Early biological and virological effects of Piracetam were investigated in non IFN-responders HCV + patients NR ; . Methods : 8 NR patients 3F 5H, median age 59 years ; were included in this study to receive Piracetam 4.8 g d ; during 3 months. Serum quantitative HCV RNA and ALT level were analyzed at baseline and after 3 months of Piracetam therapy T-test was used for dependent samples ; . Results : 75% pts were infected with genotype 1 1pt with genotype 3 and one with genotype 4 ; . No side effect was seen during therapy. No significant biological ALT effect p 0.88 NS ; and virological effect p 0.95 NS ; were observed after 3 months of therapy. 37, 5% 3 pts ; and 0% had a significant increase of respectively ALT level and HCV viral load after 3 months therapy. Conclusions : No evidence of biological and virological effects of Piracetam in monotherapy were observed in patients with chronic HCV non-responders to a previous IFN-therapy and adriamycin.

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